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An intelligent bionic algorithm with great global optimization potential, the genetic algorithm evolved in a manner analogous to the natural process of genetic evolution in living creatures. This paper first explains the foundation of genetic algorithms, which is based on Darwin's “survival of the fittest” principle, then outlining the algorithm's primary features and briefly discussing its drawbacks. The structural and thorough view of genetic algorithms is presented in this review work. Furthermore, taxonomy and the applications and application-specific genetic operators. This review paper's challenges and issues, as well as their answers, address every facet of GAs.