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Automatic palmprint identification has received much attention in security applications and law enforcement. The performance of a palmprint identification system is improved by means of feature extraction and classification. Feature extraction methods such as Subspace learning are highly sensitive to the rotation variances, translation and illumination in image identification. Thus, Histogram of Oriented Lines (HOL) has not obtained promising performance for palmprint recognition so far. In this paper, we propose a new descriptor of palmprint named Improved Histogram of Oriented Lines (IHOL), which is an alternative of HOL. Improved HOL is not very sensitive to changes of translation and illumination, and has the robustness against small transformations whereas the small translation and rotations make no change in histogram value adjustment of the proposed work. The experiment results show that based on IHOL, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) subspace learning can achieve high recognition rates. The proposed method (IHOL-Cosine distance) improves 1.30% on PolyU I database, and similarly (IHOL-Euclidean distance) improves 2.36% on COEP database compared with existing HOL method.