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Emerging electric-drive vehicles demonstrate the potential for significant reduction of petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Existing electric-drive vehicles typi- cally include a battery system consisting of thousands of Lithium-ion battery cells. Therefore, large-scale battery-system modeling and analysis is essential for battery system performance analysis, next-generation battery system design, and transportation electrification.

This paper presents a modeling and analysis framework for large-scale Lithium-ion battery systems. The proposed solution models major run-time and long-term battery effects, and uses fast frequency-domain analysis techniques. It enables efficient and accurate characterization of large- scale battery system run-time charge-cycle energy efficiency and long-term cycle life. Our solution is validated against physical measurements using real-world user driving studies.