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This work deals with the development of an ultrasonic backscattering sensor for the monitoring of water-in-oil emulsion. The sensor consists of a 3.5-MHz ultrasonic transducer, working in pulse-echo mode, and an array of cylindrical obstacles located in the near field. Information from the backscattering signals was extracted by two processing methods: cross-correlation and wave energy. It was studied the sensitivity of the sensor and the time stability of the emulsions at three temperatures and volume water concentration from 0% to 50%. Cross-correlation and wave energy showed dependence on concentration. However, the wave energy showed little dependence on temperature. For water content monitoring, it was observed a measurement feasibility for concentrations below 20% with the cross-correlation methods and over all the measured range of water concentrations with the wave energy methods. On the …