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Introduction: Adequate Vitamin D intake and its concentration in serum are important for bone health and calcium–phosphate metabolism as well as for optimal function of many organs and tissues. Documented trends in lifestyle, nutritional habits and physical activity appear to be associated with moderate or severe Vitamin D deficits resulting in health problems. Most epidemiological studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among Central European populations. Concern about this problem led to the organising of a conference focused on overcoming Vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: After reviewing the epidemiological evidence and relevant literature, a Polish multidisciplinary group formulated theses on recommendations for Vitamin D screening and supplementation in the general population. These theses were subsequently sent to Scientific Committee members of the ‘Vitamin D—minimum, maximum, optimum’conference for evaluation based on a ten-point scale. With 550 international attendees, the meeting ‘Vitamin D—minimum, maximum, optimum’was held on October 19–20, 2012 in Warsaw (Poland). Most recent scientific evidence of both skeletal and non-skeletal effects of Vitamin D as well as the results of panellists’ voting were reviewed and discussed during eight plenary sessions and two workshops.

Results: Based on many polemical discussions, including post-conference networking, the key opinion leaders established ranges of serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D concentration indicating Vitamin D deficiency [< 20 ng/mL (< 50 nmol/L)], suboptimal status [20–30 ng/mL (50–75 nmol/L)], and target concentration for optimal …