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Knowledge management is a comprehensive approach for organizations to achieve organizational effectiveness and is of an increasing importance as the most principal competitive advantage amongst organizations. The successful implementation of the knowledge management process can affect the organization’s performance. In accordance with the theoretical and conceptual issues, organizational culture and leadership style are considered as the factors influencing on the knowledge management activities. The main propose of the current paper is to identify the role of organizational culture and leadership style in the knowledge management process (KMP). To this end, this process as a dependent variable is made up of four dimensions, which can be named as knowledge creation, organization, sharing, and application. On the other side, the organizational culture and leadership style are considered as independent variables. Organizational culture consists of four dimensions, ie participatory, innovative, rational, and stability culture, while leadership style comprises of two dimensions, which are supportive and command leadership. This research is a descriptive survey. The sample size was 224 employees in four selected research centers and a questionnaire containing 52 questions was employed. The questionnaire’s reliability coefficients were obtained by Cronbach alpha coefficients and the questionnaire validity was confirmed by knowledge management experts. In each organization, the sample volume was calculated based on the Cochran’s formula. The statistical sample consisted of experts, researchers, and managers from four …