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The Internet of Things (IoT) usually refers to a worldwide network of interconnected heterogeneous objects (sensors, actuators, smart devices, smart objects, RFID, embedded computers, etc.) uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols.

Beyond such a definition, a new definition of IoT is emerging seen as a loosely coupled, decentralized system of cooperating Smart Objects (SOs). An SO is an autonomous, physical digital object augmented with sensing/actuating, processing, storing, and networking capabilities. SOs are able to sense/actuate, store, and interpret information created within themselves and around the neighboring external world where they are situated, act on their own, cooperate with each other, and exchange information with other kinds of electronic devices and human users. Their importance resides in the capabilities they have to make physical environments ‘‘smart’’so as …