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Sensornets are becoming more widely adopted for commercial and scientific use and, in settings where battery replacement or recharging is difficult, it is important that sensornets have long and predictable lifetimes. We thus expect energy management to play an increasingly important role in meeting user requirements. Today, system developers seek a balance between network lifetime and performance, but recent history shows that unexpected and dynamic environmental conditions often scuttle expected energy budgets. For example, many nodes in the Great Duck Island deployment were conjectured to have died prematurely because unexpected overhearing of traffic caused radios to become operational for longer than originally predicted [22]. This pattern was repeated in the Redwoods deployment, but for a supposedly different reason: some nodes seemingly died prematurely because they became …