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Two-dimensional mesoporous hexagonal carbon sheets (MHCSs) have been prepared via a chemical vapor deposition method employing mesoporous Mg(OH)₂ hexagonal sheets as the template and acetylene gas as the carbon precursor. MHCSs with porosity in the micropore–mesopore range have a high specific surface area of 1785 m²·g^–1. The hierarchical microporous–mesoporous pore structure enables rapid ion transport across the hexagonal carbon sheets, resulting in superior electrochemical performance. The MHCS electrodes showed a maximum specific capacitance of 162 F·g^–1 at 5 mV s^–1 using the electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI). MHCS symmetric coin cells exhibited a maximum energy density of 67 Wh·kg^–1 at 0.5 A·g^–1 and a maximum power density of 14.97 kW·kg^–1 at 10 A·g^–1.