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Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) represent a significant threat to environment, economy, and human health. This article summarises the results of an empirical investigation on the potential for economic growth, renewable energy use, technical advancement, and forest cover in Indonesia to reduce CO₂ emissions. This study utilized the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach to analyze the time series data covering 1990–2020. The empirical statistics suggest that Indonesia's CO₂ emissions would increase by 1.17% for every 1% increase in economic development. Furthermore, a 1% increase in the use of renewable energy may be connected with a 1.40% decrease in CO₂ emissions, technical innovation with a 0.17% decrease, and an increase in forest cover with a 3.94% decrease in CO₂ emissions. The estimated outcomes are insensitive to alternative estimators …