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World needs have revolved around the use of nanotechnology in most vital applications especially in the energy sector. From which has a major role in the application of this technology in several aspects as the conversion of energy, the storage of energy and efficiency of energy. Through the ongoing research by scientists and researchers to incorporate nanotechnology as one of the essential technologies at present and in the future, which has shown the strength of nanotechnology in reaching the possible superior efficiency. In this review, we present various important applications of nanotechnology involved in the three main directions (energy conversion, energy storage and energy efficiency). These ultimate goals of the nanotechnology utilization in the energy sector will offer the high demand of energy efficiency with minimum losses and high durability in the clean and sustainable resources.