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Lightning and lightning induced effects have significant influence on many aspects affecting the public, which makes the research of lightning and lightning protection very important. However, due to the strong randomness and complex discharge mechanisms of lightning, the understanding of lightning is still far from satisfactory. On the basis of the International Conference on Lightning Protection 2014, this study gives a review of recent progress on lightning and lightning protection research covering the following aspects: lightning locating and observation, lightning physics, lightning electromagnetic transients, and lightning protection for various systems. The goals of this study are to give readers an overall introduction to the recent progress in lightning and lightning protection research, and to motivate them to conduct further studies to address the unsolved problems in lightning‐related research.