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Neurological soft signs (NSS) have been associated with the neuropsychopathology of schizophrenia, and have been proposed as candidate endophenotypes for this clinical group. However, the prevalence rate of NSS in non-psychotic first-degree relatives is not fully known. The authors systematically and quantitatively reviewed the literature to determine the magnitude of difference between: (1) first-degree non-psychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and (2) between schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic relatives.

An article search and meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package to quantify group differences. Mean effect sizes (standardized group mean differences) and associated confidence intervals along with homogeneity and publication bias tests and statistics were calculated.

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