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We review mating-systems theory and conflict theory and apply them to the analysis of intrasexual and intersexual conflicts. We distinguish three types of sexual interaction, persuasive, coercive, and forcing, that are used by members of each sex to gain control over fertilization and reproductive resources, and we discuss the nature of male-male, female-female and intersexual interactions with respect to these types of behavior. The mating sequence from pair formation to the end of parental care provides the context for analyzing sexual conflict and confluence of interest; events during any given stage in the sequence may affect the dynamics of other events. We suggest that three main sets of variables influence the evolution of mating systems:(1) resource and mate distributions;(2) the presence and extent of transferrable genetic and material benefits; and (3) the degree of control exerted by each sex over events at …