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Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review, with meta-analysis, of validity studies of non-invasive sleep-measuring devices published since 2015 that record sleep metrics associated with AD in cognitively healthy adults over 40 (mean 54.8, range 42-68 years). These metrics included the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI), slow wave sleep (SWS) duration and slow wave activity, total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and rapid eye movement (REM) duration. We reviewed 51 studies, including 28 wearable and 11 non-wearable devices that operated open-and closed-access algorithms. All devices were validated against polysomnography (minimum one night).

Results: Measurement of AHI score was generally excellent across a range of devices. 83% of devices overestimated TST and SE. Those that performed better relied on custom algorithms and parameters, individualising classification using …