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Urban traffic control systems evolved through three generations. The first generation of such systems has been based on historical traffic data. The second generation took advantage of detectors, which enabled the collection of real-time traffic data, in order to re-adjust and select traffic signalization programs. The third generation provides the ability to forecast traffic conditions, in order to have traffic signalization programs and strategies pre-computed and applied at the most appropriate time frame for the optimal control of the current traffic conditions. Nowadays, the fourth generation of traffic control systems is already under development, based among others on principles of artificial intelligence and having capabilities of on-time information provision, traffic forecasting and incident detection is being developed according to principles of large-scale integrated systems engineering. Although these systems are largely …