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Single-phase equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) specimens with three different grain sizes (0.65 μm, 2.1 μm and 105 μm) were processed by cold rolling and annealing treatment. Tensile properties were investigated over a broad temperature range from 77 K to 873 K. Superior strength-ductility balance can be achieved by refining grain size and decreasing temperature. The Hall-Petch relationship was well fitted, and the fitting parameters have a negative relation with temperature. The thermal and athermal contributions to the yield strength were revealed. This work has unveiled the superior mechanical property of HEAs at cryogenic temperatures.