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Epilepsy affects 0.5–1% of the world's population, and approximately a third of these patients are refractory to current medication. Given their ability to proliferate, differentiate and regenerate tissues, stem cells could restore neural circuits lost during the course of the disease and reestablish the physiological excitability of neurons. This study verified the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) on seizure control and cognitive impairment caused by experimentally induced epilepsy.

Status epilepticus (SE) was induced by lithium–pilocarpine injection and controlled with diazepam 90min after SE onset. Lithium–pilocarpine-treated rats were intravenously transplanted 22days after SE with BMMCs obtained from enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgenic C57BL/6 mice. Control epileptic animals were given an equivalent volume of saline or fibroblast …