作者
Muhammad Ali Arshad, Syed Babar Ali, Khansa Masood, Asma Syed, Nazia Jabeen, Raja Irfan Sabir
发表日期
2021
期刊
Multicultural Education
卷号
7
期号
9
简介
The manufacturing industry is one of the economic sectors which offers multidimensional activities of various subsectors in Pakistan. Additionally, these industries bring various additional values and impact Pakistan's economic growth, such as by increasing the job opportunities and export activities (Arshad & Arshad, 2019). This sector is most vulnerable to government policies, infrastructure, trade agreements, workforce and R&D activities, innovations, and energy supply access. The manufacturing sectors include various industries ranging from textiles to agro-based industry, engineering goods, electrical goods and electronics, chemicals, and small and medium enterprises (Khan, Hassan, Arshad, Kashif, Aslam &Wafa, 2020). Surprisingly, since the last decade, these industries have experienced low-performance growth. Today, almost all organizations face a dynamic environment characterized by rapid technological change, shortening product life cycles, and globalization. Organizations need to be more creative and innovative than before to survive, compete, grow, and lead (Rengarajan, Moser, &Narayanamurthy, 2021). Pakistani manufacturing sector has a crucial role in the gross domestic products (GDP) of the country. Over the period, it has placed in the second rank to support the national economy and contributes more than 33% to GDP (Abbasi, Abbas, Mahmood, & Tufail, 2021). This sector is not spared by the challenges and effects of sustainable, competitive advantages and low innovation levels (Arshad & Arshad, 2019). In this context, it suffers more than other sectors in terms of innovation capabilities. Manufacturing investment …
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