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This review provides a systematic exposition of some selected classes of agricultural policy issues and challenges in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to examine the role of agricultural policies in economic development and integration in Nigeria. The study involved a literature review for retrieving documents and analysing them. The findings of the study indicate that from 1960 to 2020, there were numerous policies aimed at enhancing agricultural development and economic integration in rural and urban areas. These policies were meant to address various challenges to agricultural development on a spatio-temporal basis, with different objectives but common responsibilities. However, these policies and programmes record success at different time intervals depending on the commitment from the government's side and assimilation from the farmers’ side. Despite that, the policies were constrained by various challenges: technical, social, political, and economic. This study recommends that the existing policy barriers to increasing productivity, sustainability, and resilience should be removed, redirect government spending to ensure the availability of public goods and services that benefit producers, consumers, and society as a whole, and encourage the establishment of the localized agricultural policies at state and local government levels.