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The potentials of artificial intelligence (AI) are manifold, and their discussion has gained momentum in research and practice. At the same time, AI also raises fears among employees of being replaced by AI technologies, therefore shying away from using them. Generally, employees want to be empowered to do their job and seek both more responsibility and the ability to make their own decisions. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review that investigates the current state of the literature on the potential empowering effects of AI-based human–machine behavior. We thus sorted the literature into three behavioral categories: humans shape machine behavior, machines shape human behavior, and human–machine co-behavior. We crossed them with psychological empowerment dimensions of significance, competence, self-determination, and influence. Our results show corresponding literature streams and provide future research directions in a field that is likely to disrupt the way we work in the future.