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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multisystemic respiratory disease that is associated with progressive airway and pulmonary vascular remodeling due to the increased proliferation of bronchial smooth muscles cells (BSMCs) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the overproduction of extracellular matrix (e.g., collagen). Cigarette smoke (CS) and several mediators, such as PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) and IL-6, play critical roles in COPD pathogenesis. HDAC6 has been shown to be implicated in vascular remodeling. However, the role of airway HDAC6 signaling in pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD and the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. Here, we show that HDAC6 expression is upregulated in the lungs of patients with COPD and a COPD animal model. We also found that CS extract (CSE), PDGF, and IL-6 increase the protein levels and …