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Cancelable biometrics is an important biometric template protection scheme. With no a priori image pre-alignment, alignment-free cancelable fingerprint templates do not suffer from inaccurate singular point detection. In this paper, we develop a blind system identification approach to the design of alignment-free cancelable fingerprint templates. The binary string, derived from quantized pair-minutiae vectors, is to be secured and its frequency samples act as the input to the proposed algorithm. Motivated by the identifiability of the source signal in blind system identification, we propose to protect the binary string׳s frequency samples, which are treated as the source input, by countering or dissatisfying the identifiability condition so that they cannot be recovered from the output complex vector (transformed template). The proposed transform is irreversible because when the identifiability condition is not met, non …