作者
Osman El-Atwani, Dat V Quach, Mert Efe, Patrick R Cantwell, Bryan Heim, Bradley Schultz, Eric A Stach, Joanna R Groza, Jean Paul Allain
发表日期
2011/7/15
期刊
Materials Science and Engineering: A
卷号
528
期号
18
页码范围
5670-5677
出版商
Elsevier
简介
Preparation of fine grained, hard and ductile pure tungsten for future fusion reactor applications was tested using the bottom-up approach via powder consolidation by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperature (1300–1800 °C) and pressure (90–266 MPa) conditions. Pure tungsten powders with an average particle size of about 1 μm were sintered to high density (about 94%) with almost no grain growth at a temperature below 1400 °C and an applied pressure up to 266 MPa. These samples had a multi-modal grain size distribution (resembling the size distribution of the initial powder) and a very high Vickers hardness (up to 530 kg/mm2). Above 1500 °C fast grain growth occurred and resulted in a drop in hardness. XRD on the surface of bulk samples showed a small amount of tungsten oxides; however, XPS and EDS indicated that these oxides were only surface contaminants and suggested a high …
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