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This study was conducted to systematically collect and analyze the literature on academic library leaders focusing on the challenges faced by them, the set of skills needed to overcome these challenges, and ways for them to develop these leadership skills. A systematic literature review was conducted of the relevant studies published in the first two decades of the 21st century by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five major scholarly databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA), Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), and Google Scholar) were searched for the relevant literature. It was found that rapid change, primarily a consequence of rapid technological innovation, continued to present a fundamental challenge for the profession. It emerged that library leaders needed …