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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications are becoming increasingly prevalent in European education systems thus attracting the interest of the European Union and individual governments. However, due to various recent developments, including rapid and intensive changes in digital learning technologies, innovation, disruption, cloud computing, and mobile learning but also unclear policies, and economic constraints, some European countries lack effective pedagogical integration of ICT in education. As a result, it is difficult to clearly identify current educational policies and trends in these EU countries. This paper focuses on the use of ICT in the educational systems and practices in Greece and Spain, aiming to highlight not only the barriers imposed under the pressures of the current economic crisis in both countries, but also the key drivers that can lead to the reconstruction of the …