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ONE of the most consistent findings in neurophysiology^1,2 and psychophysics³ has been that, in both human and animal visual systems, there exist neural mechanisms tuned to the orientation of a stimulus. It has been suggested that the selectivity of these orientation-sensitive detectors is sharpened by inhibitory interaction between them^4,5, and that illusions and distortions of apparent orientation occur as a consequence of that interaction^5–8.