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Three possible determinants of graded structure (typicality) were observed incommon taxonomic categories andgoal-derived categories:(1) an exemplar’s similarity toideals associated with goals its category serves;(2) an exemplar’s similarity to the central tendency of its category (family resemblance); and (3) an exemplar’sfrequency of instantiation (people’s subjective estimates of how often it is encountered as a category member). Experiment 1 found that central tendency did not predict graded structure in goal-derived categories, although it did predict graded structure in common taxonomic categories. Ideals and frequency of instantiation predicted graded structure in both category types to sizeable and equal extents. A fourth possible determinant—familiarity—did not predict typicality in either common taxonomic or goal-derived categories. Experiment 2 demonstrated that both central tendency and ideals …