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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in federal governments to evaluate and measure performance of states transportation systems in order to budget allocation. In this study, 89 measures belonging to five elements of a transportation system (ie, input, output, utility, market and environment) are investigated. Combining the elements, a transportation performance evaluation is addressed through three aspects (ie, efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy). The method of Principal Component Analysis/Factor Analysis (PCA/FA), is used to design a conceptual algorithm through which a comprehensive index (composite index of transportation performance, ITP) is developed to evaluate the transportation system performance. Based on the developed methodology, the composite transportation performance index was determined for 50 states and federal district of the US According to the developed index, states were categorized into five groups based on highest to least value of ITP. Therefore, the relative performance of transportation system among the US states is demonstrated. Results showed while Districts of Columbia, Massachusetts, and New York have the best system performance; Mississippi, Alaska, and Wyoming have the worst transportation system performance.