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The goal of this paper is to investigate the geological controls on the methane adsorption capacity of Lower Permian transitional black shales. To this end, a variety of methods, including quantifying organic matter richness, vitrinite reflectance, kerogen stable isotope analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-pressure nitrogen adsorption, and high-pressure methane adsorption were performed on black shale samples collected from the Mouye-1 well in the Southern North China Basin. Among them, high-pressure methane adsorption experiments were performed over a pressure range of 0–20 MPa at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C. Then, the effects of organic matter, mineral compositions, pore properties, temperature, and pressure on methane adsorption capacity were analyzed, and a new formula for predicting the gas adsorption capacity and methane adsorption capacity of transitional shales as a function of …