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Abstract Recently, Hallinan/1/proposed a low dimensional lighting model for describing the variations in face images due to altering the lighting conditions. It was found that five eigen images were sufficient io model these variations. This report shows that this model can be erfended to other objects, in particular to those with diffuse specularities and shadows. We find that sharp specularilies and shadows cannot be well rep-resented by a low dimensional model. However, both effects can be adequately described as residuals to such a model. We can deal with occluders in a similar way. We conclude that low dimensional models, using 5+ 2 eigen images, can be usefully ertended to represent arbitrary lighting for many different objects. We discuss applications of these results to object recognition.