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Cellular materials with periodic architectures have been extensively investigated over the past decade for their potential to provide multifunctional solutions for a variety of applications, including lightweight thermo‐structural panels, blast resistant structures, and high‐authority morphing components. Stiffer and stronger than stochastic foams, periodic cellular materials lend themselves well to geometry optimization, enabling a high degree of tailorability and superior performance benefits. This article reviews a commonly established optimal design protocol, extensively adopted at the macro‐scale for both single and multifunctional structures. Two prototypical examples are discussed: the design of strong and lightweight sandwich beams subject to mechanical loads and the combined material/geometry optimization of actively cooled combustors for hypersonic vehicles. With this body of literature in mind, we present a …