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Luo and Liao 196 a certain amount of pharmaceutical drugs from the attacker’s designated online pharmacy stores. This article is the first attempt to address ransomware in information systems security research. In an effort to cater to both security practitioners and researchers, the rest of this article is organized by four parts. Part 1 addresses ransomware’s underpinning structures; recent statistics and attack methodologies of ransomware infection are also presented. Part 2 compares the technological differences between ransomeware and Trojan horse, worm, and spyware; a sample attack scheme is listed to address the attacking process. Part 3 discusses the future trend of ransomware in terms of technological sophistication level, and part 4 proposes a model of ransomeware prevention and relevant recommendations for ransomware prevention are presented.