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This paper compares and discusses IMP theory in relation to Process Theory and Systems Theory, and also relates it to the ANT. It contrasts and illuminates ontological and epistemological underpinnings, methodologies and theories while also throwing some light on their historical roots and mutual influences over time. It argues that IMP is representing a process based economic theoryof value creation that is rooted in a fundamental critique of main stream economic and marketing theory as well as in a deviation from the basic conceptions of the systems theories by which it was influenced in an early phase. From there the IMP developed more flexible analytical constructs that show more kinship with process thinking than with systems thinking. The IMP is also found to distinguish itself from both ANT and Systems Theory in maintaining a symmetrical and reciprocal conception of interaction where the others in different ways focus on the unification of an acting unit in relation to an external environment. This is a particular strength of IMP, but also a challenge that calls for further clarification of analytical concepts.