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The nanofluids have increased interest in many engineering fields due to its excellent thermophysical properties, which can be easily used in microchannel heat sinks by many roles for performance improvement. The purpose of this review summarizes the important published articles on the enhancement of the convective heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks using nanofluids. Numerous studies have been done to find the effect of different nanofluids flow through micro channel heat sinks on thermal performance. In this work a comparative study is also carried out to select be micro channel heat sink shapes for maximum heat transfer and minimum friction losses.