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The mixed pixel is a common problem in remote sensing classification. Even though the composition of these pixels for different classes can be estimated with a pixel un-mixing model, the output provides no indication of how such classes are distributed spatially within these pixels. Sub-pixel mapping is a technique designed to use the output information with the assumption of spatial dependence to obtain a sharpened image. Pixels are divided into sub-pixels, representing the land cover class fractions. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on a back-propagation (BP) network combined with an observation model. This method provides an effective method of obtaining the sub-pixel mapping result and can provide an approximation of the reference classification image. With the upscale factor, the model was tested on both a simple artificial image and a remote sensing image, and the results confirm that the …