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Keeping hands off the steering wheel poses a great safety challenge for self-driving vehicles (SDVs). Determining how safe SDVs should be before being allowed on public roads is a pressing question for all stakeholders, including the public exposed to the risk of SDVs in the future. The elderly may be major beneficiaries in the future age of SDVs. This research aims to understand age differences regarding the acceptable safety of SDVs and in affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to SDVs. This study showed that the older participants implicitly required SDVs to be safer; their level for acceptable safety of SDVs was about twice as high as that for the younger participants in terms of fatality risk. Other age differences were identified, including that the older participants held a less positive attitude toward and acceptance of SDVs than the younger participants. We discuss the implications of the results for theory …