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Biocorrosion and biodegradation behavior of Mg–4Li–1Ca alloy were investigated for industrially important end product conditions, namely the homogenized, rolled, and rolled + annealed ones. Among the three, homogenized material showed the highest corrosion rate (27.2 mm/year) in a simulated body fluid (SBF) owing to its coarse grain structure containing long dumbbell-shaped eutectic phase. Rolled + annealed material exhibited the lowest corrosion rate (0.94 mm/year) corresponding to the highest corrosion resistance (1.854 kΩ cm²) in SBF. This higher corrosion resistance is associated with a uniform distribution of corrosion sites and a lower occurrence of twins in the microstructure. However, the rolled material showed a greater corrosion rate due to an appreciable volume fraction of {101} compression twins, {102} tension twins, and {101}–{102} double twins, which form galvanic couples …