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To satisfy the ever increasing wireless service demand, it is effective to form a converged network by utilizing interworking mechanisms, such that the resources of heterogeneous wireless networks can be allocated in a coordinated and efficient manner. Despite the potential advantages of a converged network, its performance needs further improvement, especially at cell edges and rural areas where only one network is available. In this article, we investigate how to leverage device-to-device, D2D, communication to further improve the performance of a converged network which consists of an LTE-A cellular network and IEEE 802.11n WLANs. Three main technical challenges that complicate resource allocation are identified: allocation of resources capturing diverse radio access technologies of the networks, selection of users' communication modes for multiple networks to maximize hop and reuse gains, and …