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Although a picture is a flat object covered with pigments, human observers often experience a 3D “pictorial space” when looking “into” the picture. This space is a mental entity, apparently triggered by so-called pictorial cues. In the case of paintings or drawings, the visual artist has put patterns of pigment on the canvas to trigger certain experiences in prospective viewers. Several experiments were carried out with the same stimulus, a copy of a wash drawing by Francesco Guardi, representing an imaginary landscape with much pictorial depth but no “ground truth”. In a first series of experiments, we selected 5 points that were well-localized in pictorial space. On each trial, one of these points was designated as target and another one contained a 3D pointer, whose slant and tilt values could be adjusted by the observer until it appeared to point to the target, in the perceived 3D space. In a second series of experiments …