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Background

Individual differences in neuroanatomy can predict variability in cognitive functioning. However, most studies focus on broad population-level trends, and the extent to which observed predictive features are shared across sexes and age groups remains largely unknown. Furthermore, while it is standard practice to account for intracranial volume (ICV) in morphometric analyses, the possible differential impact of ICV correction on anatomical features and subgroups within the population in the context of brain-behavior predictions has yet to be investigated.

Methods

Here, we evaluate the effect of ICV correction on sex-independent and sex-specific predictive models of individual cognitive abilities across multiple anatomical properties (surface area, gray matter volume, cortical thickness) in healthy young adults (n= 1013, 465 males) and children (n= 1823, 844 males).

Results

ICV correction reduces predictive …