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In order to ensure the safety measures, the detection of traffic rule violators is a highly desirable but challenging task due to various difficulties such as occlusion, illumination, poor quality of surveillance video, varying whether conditions, etc. In this paper, we present a framework for automatic detection of motorcyclists driving without helmets in surveillance videos. In the proposed approach, first we use adaptive background subtraction on video frames to get moving objects. Later convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to select motorcyclists among the moving objects. Again, we apply CNN on upper one fourth part for further recognition of motorcyclists driving without a helmet. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on two datasets, IITH_Helmet_1 contains sparse traffic and IITH_Helmet_2 contains dense traffic, respectively. The experiments on real videos successfully detect 92.87% violators …