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The extracellular ATP (ATPQ) model of cell-mediated cytotoxicity was originally suggested as an aiternalive cytotoxic pathway (Trenn et al. 1987) that does not require extracellular Ca-^ and complements the perforin-mediated pathway (Fil-Ippini et al. 1990a, b, diVirgilio et al. 1990). The straightforward consideration of ATPo as a CTL-produced. lethal hit-delivering lytic intermediate has evolved into the more general model of ATPo involvement (as the source of extracellular adenosine. as a phosphate donor, and as a transmembrane signaling ligand) in both T-cell development and elTector functions. Extracellular ATP (ATP,)) is strongly implicated as a fast excitatory transmitter at synapses between neurons (Edwards et al. 1992) and into the ATP-reccptor mediated cell-to-cell spread of calcium signals between mast cells (Osipchuk & Cahalan 1992). Extracellular ATP and e. xtraccllular phosphorylation were …