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Effective mentoring of underrepresented scholars in the biobehavioral and health sciences is vital for the future of scientific inquiry, as well as for clinical and public health applications. Through the mentoring process, both the mentee and mentor can benefit by broadening their knowledge, skills, and perspectives relative to the professional goals and interests of the mentee. Establishing a trusting and nurturing relationship allows the mentor and mentee to identify short-and long-term goals, accompanied by strategies designed to maximize the mentee’s success. Many relationships benefit from establishing explicit working guidelines early on, with recognition that flexibility may be necessary as the relationship matures. Adapting to the specific needs and challenges facing underrepresented doctoral trainees and early career scholars, we propose an integrative developmental framework informed by 3 fundamental …