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This paper proposes a novel user cooperation approach in both computation and communication for mobile edge computing (MEC) systems to improve the energy efficiency for latency-constrained computation. We consider a basic three-node MEC system consisting of a user node, a helper node, and an access point (AP) node attached with an MEC server, in which the user has latency-constrained and computation-intensive tasks to be executed. We consider two different computation offloading models, namely, the partial and binary offloading, respectively. For partial offloading, the tasks at the user are divided into three parts that are executed at the user, helper, and AP, respectively; while for binary offloading, the tasks are executed as a whole only at one of three nodes. Under this setup, we focus on a particular time block and develop an efficient four-slot transmission protocol to enable the joint computation …