查看文章

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is traditionally conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder that continues into adulthood in up to half of diagnosed cases. In light of current evidence, factors associated with the course of the disorder remain unknown. We performed a systematic review of the literature searching for risk markers from childhood that predicted the persistence of ADHD into adulthood. We reviewed 26,168 abstracts and selected 72 for full-text review. We identified data from 16 studies, comprising 6 population-based retrospective samples and 10 clinical follow-ups. We performed meta-analyses of factors evaluated by at least three studies. Severity of ADHD (OR 2.33, 95 % CI = 1.6–3.39, p < 0.001), treatment for ADHD (OR 2.09, 95 % CI = 1.04–4.18, p = 0.037), comorbid conduct disorder (OR 1.85, 95 % CI = 1.06–3.24, p = 0.030), and comorbid major depressive disorder (OR …