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Organizations are complex structures-in-motion that are best conceptualized as historically constituted entities. The analytic focus of their constitution is the control of the labor process. This control is conceptualized in terms of different "rules" operative at different levels of the class structure in organizations. These rules are historically structured principles of organization. They may be related in a causal argument to the "long waves" of economic life. These arguments are not common in organization theory, and this paper draws upon an extensive literature from related research areas. The paper concludes by sketching some of the empirical research possibilities of this new perspective in organization analysis.