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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that can cause detrimental effects when humans and animals are exposed to them in the environment. The chemical persistence of these molecules has rendered it difficult to remove from the environment. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the sources of PCBs, factors influencing their transformation, and overall processes of removal from the environment. In addition, microbial transformation of PCBs and physical removal in wastewater treatment plants will be discussed. Finally, future means of PCB elimination, based on methods currently in use in similar systems, will be proposed.