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This study evaluated two risk pathways that may account for increases in child internalizing and externalizing problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic: one pathway operating through pre‐existing family vulnerability and a second pathway operating through disruption in family functioning occurring in response to the pandemic. We assessed family disruption and family functioning with measures of key family‐level and parenting dimensions, including family cohesion, conflict and routines, and parents’ harsh discipline, lax discipline and warmth. In all models, pre‐pandemic parent emotional distress, financial strain and child maladjustment were included as covariates.

The sample included 204 families, comprised of parents who had children (M_Age = 4.17; 45.1% girls). Parents (M_Age = 27.43) completed the first survey prior to COVID‐19 onset in the United States, a second survey after …