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Subchondral drilling and microfracture are bone marrow stimulation techniques commonly used for the treatment of cartilage defects. Few studies to date have examined the technical variants which may influence the success of the cartilage repair procedures. This study compared the effect of hole depth (6 mm vs. 2 mm) and hole type (drill vs. microfracture) on chondral defect repair using a mature rabbit model. Results from quantitative histomorphometry and histological scoring showed that deeper versus shallower drilling elicited a greater fill of the cartilage defect with a more hyaline character in the repair matrix indicated by significant improvement (p = 0.021) in the aggregate measure of increased cartilage defect fill, increased glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen content and reduced type I collagen content of total soft repair tissue. Compared to microfracture at the same 2 mm depth, drilling to 2 mm …